Depression is a mood disorder that affects how people feel and act. It often makes them lose interest in things they used to enjoy.

Depression can impact many parts of life, like sleep, eating, and daily tasks. But it can be treated with lifestyle changes, therapy, and medicine. The right treatment can help improve symptoms and quality of life.

To diagnose depression under the DSM-5 guidelines, a person must have at least five of nine symptoms for a minimum of two weeks. These symptoms include feeling sad, losing interest in activities, changes in weight or sleep, low energy, feelings of worthlessness, trouble focusing, and thoughts of death or suicide. At least one symptom must be either sadness or loss of interest, and the symptoms must disrupt daily life.

Key Takeaways

• Research shows that about 29% of adults in the U.S. have been diagnosed with depression at some point in their lives.
• Studies consistently find that women are about twice as likely as men to experience major depression.
• Depression is most common in young adults aged 18 to 25.
• Clinical studies reveal that around 40% to 47% of people with depression feel better after two to three months of treatment.
• According to World Health Organization (WHO), depression is the leading cause of health problems and disability worldwide, affecting over 300 million people.

Depression is a complex condition with various causes and risk factors. Understanding these can aid in prevention and better mental health care.

• Biochemical Factors: Changes in brain chemicals like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine affect mood. Low serotonin levels are linked to depression.
• Genetics: Studies suggest that about 40% of depression cases may be hereditary. People with a family history of depression are at greater risk.
• Environmental Factors: Adverse conditions such as abuse, poverty, and chronic stress can contribute to or exacerbate depression. Life events like the loss of a loved one or persistent social challenges also significantly increase the risk.
• Hormonal Changes: Changes in hormones, such as during pregnancy, after childbirth, or menopause, make women more likely to experience depression. These shifts can affect mood and well-being.